(1) Larry Felton, Reconstruction Archaeology at the McCoy House Site, Old Town San Diego State Historical Project: A Status Report on Design Development Phase Investigations. (San Diego: June 1995), 24-25.

(2) Ibid., 19. (3) Florence Shipek, Delfina Cuero: Her Autobiography. (Menlo Park: Ballena Press, 1991). 8-9.

(4) James R. Mills, San Diego: Where California Began (San Diego Historical Society, 1985) 9. Paul and Greta Ezell discuss the location of the Cosoy village in their article, Cosoy, First Spanish Stop in Alta California, in The Brand Book, no. 8, 1987. 122-127.

(5) Mills, 9.

(6) Shipek, 24.

(7) David J. Weber, The Spanish Frontier in North America, (Yale University, 1992), 41, 84.

(8) Iris Engstrand, The occupation of the Port of San Diego de Alcala, 1769, Journal of San Diego History, vol. XXIV, no 1 (San Diego Historical Society, Winter 1978), 91. (9) David Pinera Ramirez (Translated by Anita Alvarez de Williams) The Beginning of Secular Colonization in Baja California, Journal of San Diego History, Vol. XXIII. no. 1, (San Diego Historical Society, Winter 1977), 81.

(10) Marie Northrop, Spanish-Mexican Families of Early California, 1769-1850, Vol. II (California Geneological Society, 1984) 265. In March 1774, Jose de Galvez wrote to Governor Arriaga about Father Junipero Serra's Testimonio made to Viceroy Bucareli. Serra requested that the captain of Tubac, (Anza) be given permission to explore a land route to San Diego and Monterey. Herbert Bolton, Anza's California Expeditions. 5 vols. (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1930) vol. 5, 102-105. Ibid., 4.

(11) Weber, 242.

(12) Ibid., 246.

(13) Ibid., 336.

(14) Bolton, Vol. 1, 206. Vol. 3, 210-211.

(15) Weber, 253. Bolton, Vol. 5, 3-7, Letter from Anza to Bucareli, Tubac, May 2, 1772.

(16) Weber, 251-253.

(17) Richard Pourade, Time of the Bells: The History of San Diego, Vol. 2. (The Union-Tribune Publishing Company, San Diego, 1961), 31. Bolton, Vol. 3, Diary of Pedro Font. Bill Mason, The Garrisons of San Diego Presidio: 1770-1794. Journal of San Diego History, Vol XXIV, no. 4 (San Diego Historical Society, Fall 1978), 407.

(18) Northrop, 266.

(19) Weber, 258-259.

(20) From 1783 on, garrison and mission records place all the Silvases in Alta California. Northrop, 266. Mason, 415.

(21) Mason, 414-415.

(22) Northrop, 265. Mason, 418.

(23) Jack Williams, A Walking Tour and aBrief History of the Royal Presidio of San Diego. (San Diego Historical Society, 1933), 10.

(24) Thomas Savage, Interviews With Early San Diego Residents. Pablo Vejar Manuscript. (Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley).

(25) William E. Smythe, History of San Diego, (San Diego Public Library, 1908), 99, 132, 100.

(26) Mills, 5.

(27) Mills, 21,26.

(28) Hubert Howe Bancroft, History of California, 7 Vols., Santa Barbara: Wallace Hebberd, 1966. Vol. 2, 251, 343. Williams, 26-27.

(29) Ray Brandes, Report for the California Dept. of Parks and Recreation. Old Town Houses. (University of San Diego, 1976), 265. Smythe wrote, "As early as 1784, application was made to the Governor by private individuals for grants of land, and he issued a few written permits for temporary occupation." History of San Diego, 105. Smythe described the hide warehouses at La Playa and the process of curing hides. 101-103.

(30) Charles Hughes, The Decline of the Californios: The Case of San Diego, 1846-1856. Journal of San Diego History, Vol XXI, no. 3. (San Diego Historical Society, Summer 1975), 5.

(31) Father Zephyrin Engelhardt, The Missions and Missionaries of California, San Diego Mission, (San Francisco, CA, The James Barry Company, 1920) 198.

(32) Bancroft, History of California, Vol. 3, 1825-1840, 612. Also, Cecil C. Moyer and Richard F. Pourade, ed. Historic Ranchos of San Diego, (The Union-Tribune Publishing Company, San Diego, 1969) San Dieguito Rancho, 20-22. San Diego Historical Society, Silvas, Osuna, Ybarra family records.

(33) Father Zephyrin Engelhardt, The Missions and Missionaries of California, San Juan Capistrano Mission (Los Angeles, CA, James Barry Company, 1922) 115. Smythe lists land grants of prominent Mexican families, 112. Northrop, 261. Maria Balbaneda, Jose Miguel's daughter, married Francisco Serrano to link the Silvas-Serrano clans together.

(34) Hughes, 4-5. Lucy Killea, The Political History of a Mexican Pueblo, Journal of San Diego History, Vol. XII, No. 3 (San Diego Historical Society, July 1966) 17. David J. Weber, editor (Translated by Ronald R. Young) California in 1831: Heinrich Virmond to Lucas Alaman, Journal of San Diego History, Vol. XXI, No. 4 (San Diego Historical Society, Fall 1975), 3-5. Hughes, 6-7.

(35) Smythe, 175. Northrop, 261.

(36) Mills, 25. Bancroft, Vol. 3, 617. "1836. Man. Silvas employed on 'negocios subalternos' or municipal business, at $3 per month." Bancroft listed details of municipal affairs to illustrate the system of government which included a mayor (alcalde) or justice of the peace (juez de paz) to negotiate disputes among townspeople.

(37) Smythe, 138, 143.

(38) San Diego History Society Archives, Silvas family records.

(39) Larry Felton, Old Town San Diego State Historical Project. Silvas/Ames Parcel. 19.