William H. Welch, Sara Iredell Fleetwood, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, Fannie Horowitz, Carrie Chapman Catt, Alice Paul, Tom Johnson, Robert LaFollette, Frances Willard, William Dillingham, Louis Brandeis

"The truth of an idea is not a stagnant property inherent in it. Truth happens to an idea. It becomes true, is made true by events." -- William James

1. Muckrakers
   
   • McClure's - respectable, use experts, get facts
     
   • J. Flynt, R. S. Baker, L. Steffens, I. Tarbell
     
   • Ed. Bok's Ladies Home Journal - largest
     
   • USDA "poison squad" of Dr. H. Wiley 1902
     
   • Pure Food & Drug Act 1906 - Sinclair's Jungle
     
   • Jacob Riis - "Long ago it was said that one-half of the world does not know how the other half lives -- It did not know because it did not care." - 1890 introduction to How the Other Half Lives
     
2. Social Workers
   • Jane Addams at Hull-House - help, train, research
   • Florence Kelley and her neighborhood maps
   • Laurence Veller's NY Tenement Law 1901
3. Urban reformers
   • Al Smith in New York
   • Francis Perkins after the Triangle Fire
   • Tom Johnson in Cleveland
4. State reformers
   • Robert LaFallette in Wisconsin
   • Hiram Johnson in California
5. African-Americans
   • W.E.B. DuBois, NAACP 1909 after Niagra Falls conference 1905
6. Women
   • WTUL, WCTU, NWP
   • General Federation of Women's Clubs - state mother's pensions
7. Efficiency
   • Thorstein Veblen and A Theory of the Leisure Class, 1899
   • Frederick W. Taylor
8. Professions
   • doctors, lawyers, NAM 1895, US Chamber of Commerce 1912
   • education was the key - John Dewey - School and Society, 1899
   • Sara Iredell Fleetwood - teachers of the Colored Women's League
9. Social Gospel
   • Salvation Army, Walter Rauschenbusch, Father John Ryan