Apostles

• Alfred Thayer Mahan was "the ablest and most effective apostle of imperialism"
• Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst
• John Fiske and Josiah Strong and John Burgess
• James G. Blaine

Hawaii

• history of American influence since 1820
• June 16, 1897 - Hawaii annexation treaty submitted
• sought by Sanford Dole since 1893 revolution
• McKinley declared protectorate - against Japan
• July 6, 1898 - treaty passed for annexation
• included Johnston atoll 700 mi. southwest claimed by Hawaii since 1858
• landowning maps

Samoa

• Strategic pacific island with good harbors for naval bases 3000 miles south of Hawaii, halfway to Australia
• 1884 German protectorate but 1888 native revolt
• American property shelled by German ships, caused wave of anti-German feeling in U.S. and jingoism
• 1889 Congress voted funds to defend Samoa from Germans
• Apia harbor hurricane mar. 16, 1889, sank 6 ships, prevented war
• 1889 treaty created "condominium" shared by U.S., Ger., Brit.
• 1899 civil war between native factions resulted in formal partition
• American Samoa included Tutuila and 6 islands

Cuba

• Yellow Press
• USS Maine sunk
  • Feb. 15 at 9:40 pm - 264 dead of 350 crew
    
  • Mar. 6 - McKinley requests $50m for military bill
    
• Films were seen in nickelodeon and vaudeville theaters
• Splendid Little War - lasted only 10 weeks, John Hay expressed the opinion of most Americans (except the enlisted men who fought the war, 5462 U.S. dead, most from disease, supply problems, racial conflicts); Spanish navy easily destroyed by Dewey and Schley; Col. Roosevelt led his Rough Riders to popular glory; America acquired its first colonies
  • Apr. 25 - war declaration signed by McKinley
    
  • Apr. 27 - Dewey gets orders to attack Manila fleet
    
  • May 1 at 5:41 am - Dewey on Olympia: "You may fire when ready, Gridley" then eats breakfast
    
  • May 15 - TR forms his Rough Rider 1st Vol. Cavalry
    
  • May 19 - Adm. Wm. Sampson vs. fleet in Santiago
    
  • May 30 - Gen. Wm. Shafter to capture Santiago , Gen. Nelson Miles to take Puerto Rico
    
  • June 22 - Daiquiri landing - 32 ships with 20,000
    
  • June 24 - Las Guasimas - black 10th Cavalry
    
  • July 1 - Kettle Hill, San Juan Hill - TR uses pistol from USS Maine to kill a Spaniard
    
  • July 3 - Comm. W.S. Schley defeats Cervera
    
  • Aug. 12 - Manila falls, armistice signed (Cuba free, cede P.R. & Guam, occupy Manila)
    
  • Sept. 5 - Malolos Constitution, Aguinaldo govt.
    
  • Oct. 24 - "duty, destiny, Dewey" - "nothing left for us to do but take them all... to uplift and Christianize them"
    
  • Dec. 10 - all Phil., P.R., Guam ceded; Cuba free
    
  • Feb. 6, 1899 - Treaty of Paris ratified 57-27
    

Philippine "Insurrection"

• Feb. 4 - colonial war until July 4, 1902 - cost of $400m., 4200 U.S., 220,000 filipino dead
  
• Feb. 17 - Anti-Imperialist League from 30 states
  
  • George F. Hoare, Eugene Hale, , Andrew Carnegie, Mark Twain
    
• Mar. 31, 1899 - U.S. Army captured Malolos
• Mar. 23, 1901 - Gen. Fred Funston captured Aguinaldo
• Films seen in nickelodeon and vaudeville theaters

China

• John Guy's thesis on the Boxer Rebellion

Resources:

• Recent Interpretations
• Spanish-American War pictures
• Spanish-American War Films from American Memory at Library of Congress
• A Moment in Time With The Oregon [battleship BB-3] by Nat Richards from NavisMagazine for the 100th Anniversary of the Spanish-American War (1898-1998)
• Spanish-American War exhibit from NYPL
• World of 1898 Exhibit from LC
• Detroit Publishing Co. photos from turn of the century from LC American Memory